Basic Equipment

• Boots: Good quality leather or durable synthetic. Sore should be rigid and strong to withstand all terrain. Should fit tight and toes must not contact front of the boot on down hills or when kicking something.
• Socks: Wool or blend socks. Wool mesh like Smartwool is recommended because they don’t itch but maintain warmth when wet. Always wear new and dry socks as much as possible.
• Gaiters: Waterproof nylon or Gore-tex shells that fit over lower leg and top of boot. Prevent debris and water from entering boots.
• Packs: Range from 3,500 to 7,000 cubic inches. For internal frame packs, heavy items should be stowed close to the back at the shoulders. For external frame, heavier items should be packed near the top. Use the various hip, sternum, and shoulder strap adjustments to vary how the weight is carried. Weight should primarily be carried on hips and adjustments should be tight enough that nothing rubs but loose enough not to cut off circulation or breathing.
• Clothing: Light clothing that can be worn in layers. Avoid cotton. Use synthetic, wool, or combination. Bring lightweight, yet durable, raingear or poncho. Bring head protection for cold and sun.
• Sleeping bags and pads: Mummy style is most popular. Down is lightweight but looses insulating quality if wet. Synthetic fill bags are heavier but maintain warmth if wet. Do not store in stuff sack.
• Sleeping pad: Use a foam or canvas covered (air filled) sleeping pad under the sleeping bag to retain warmth and as a moisture barrier.
• Tent: Come in A-Frame, I-pole, and Geodesic shapes. Vestibules provide additional room. Can weight 5-10 pounds. When buying, look for proper amount of floor space, waterproofing quality, and weight.
• Cooking equipment: Reliable lightweight camp stove, aluminum cookware, and plastic or stainless steel utensils.

During the trip

• Know the regulations for the place you are going.
• Leave no trace. Pack it in, pack it out.
• Take a detailed map and compass.
• Food: take lightweight dry foods and bring more than you think you need.
• Always take a first aid kit.
• Keep a knife, matches, and pepper spray on you at all times.
• Boil water before drinking. Also, it is possible to use commercial filtration systems and chemicals.
• Drink water at intervals during the trip to ensure ample hydration.
• Avoid blisters by using moleskin on trouble spots. To treat a blister avoid breaking the skin if possible and use powder and a band aid. If the blister must be drained, use a red hot needle and poke a hold in the side taking care not to remove the skin.
• Major dangers to hikers include hypothermia (often occurs between 30-50 degrees) and falls.