Summary of reports:

• March 1991: 22-member commission identified problems in the areas of recruiting, unending efforts to maximize revenue to and renown for the university, and an overemphasis on entertainment. Recommended “one-plus-three” model for reform. The one is the president of the school must gain control and the three (academic integrity, financial integrity, and certification) were essential to return intercollegiate athletics to a proper balance.
• March 1992: Commission reconvenes for follow up assessment. Concluded the recommendations led to higher academic standards for athletes and a willingness to make intercollegiate athletics more equitable, less costly, and more focused on integrity.
• June 2001: Despite reform efforts, the problems in big-time college sports had grown. The chasm between educational values and intercollegiate sports at the highest level had worsened. Some programs do maintain academic integrity and ethical standards.